How does mpox spread between individuals in India?

Introduction

Mpox kaafi logon ke liye serious health risk bana hua hai, aur is post me hum dekhenge ki How does mpox spread between individuals in India? yeh virus kya hai, kaise spread hota hai, iske symptoms kya hain, aur isse kaise bach sakte hain.

Mpox, pehle jo monkeypox ke naam se jaana jaata tha, ek viral illness hai jo monkeypox virus ki wajah se hoti hai. Yeh virus Orthopoxvirus genus ka hissa hai. Monkeypox ke do distinct clades hain: Clade I aur Clade II. Clade I further divide hota hai into subclades Ia aur Ib, aur Clade II divide hota hai into subclades IIa aur IIb.

2022–2023 ke global outbreak ka kaaran clade IIb strain tha, lekin abhi bhi clades Ia aur Ib ke through Democratic Republic of the Congo aur doosre countries me cases badh rahe hain. Yeh ek badi concern ka reason ban gaya hai.

Mpox Virus Aur Iska Spread

Mpox ek viral illness hai jo monkeypox virus ki wajah se hota hai. Yeh virus ek enveloped double-stranded DNA virus hai, jo Poxviridae family ka part hai. Is family me variola (jo smallpox ka virus hai), cowpox, vaccinia, aur doosre viruses bhi aate hain. Mpox ka virus mainly do clades me divide hota hai: Clade I aur Clade II.

2022–2023 me jo global outbreak hua, woh clade IIb ki wajah se tha, jo ab tak active hai. Lekin ab Clade I aur iska subclade Ib bhi Democratic Republic of the Congo aur Africa ke kuch doosre countries me rapid spread kar raha hai. August 2024 tak, clade Ib ka detection Africa ke bahar bhi ho chuka hai, jo global concern badha raha hai.

Mpox Virus ka Natural Source

Ab tak virus ka natural reservoir unknown hai, lekin kuch small mammals, jaise squirrels aur monkeys, is virus ke liye susceptible hain. Yeh virus humans me animal-to-human transmission ke through enter kar sakta hai, jaise infected animals ke bites ya scratches, hunting, cooking, ya infected meat khane ke through.

Mpox Virus Kaise Spread Hota Hai?

Mpox virus close contact ke through spread hota hai, jo ki skin-to-skin ya mouth-to-mouth contact se ho sakta hai. Agar kisi ko mpox hai aur aap usse close proximity me hain, to virus transfer ho sakta hai.

Transmission Through Close Contact

Agar aap kisi ke saath physical touch me aaye jise mpox hai, to aap virus se infected ho sakte hain. Yeh transmission intimate contact, jise kissing ya sexual contact ke through, ya even face-to-face baat karte waqt ho sakta hai. Infectious respiratory particles bhi virus ko spread kar sakte hain, jo close contact se pass ho jata hai.

Sexual Transmission Aur Higher Risk Groups

Wo log jo multiple sexual partners rakhte hain, unka mpox acquire karne ka risk zyada hota hai. Especially, men who have sex with men (MSM) community me yeh virus zyada phelta hai. Lekin yeh sexually transmitted disease nahi hai, bas close skin contact ke through zyada spread hota hai.

Contaminated Objects Se Spread

Mpox contaminated objects se bhi spread ho sakta hai, jaise kisi infected insaan ke kapde, bed linen, ya needle injuries health care ya community settings (jaise tattoo parlors) me.

Pregnancy Me Transmission

Pregnancy ke dauran bhi mpox virus fetus tak pass ho sakta hai. Agar kisi pregnant woman ko mpox hota hai, to yeh virus newborn baby ko birth ke waqt ya baad me affect kar sakta hai. Pregnancy me mpox infection dangerous ho sakti hai, jo miscarriage, stillbirth, ya newborn me complications ka risk badhati hai.

Also Read: Agra Mein Engineering Student Ka Rape: Senior Ne Chalti Car Mein Kiya Hamla, Accused Farar | DunyaToday

Animal-to-Human Transmission

Mpox animal-to-human bhi transmit hota hai. Infected animals ke bites, scratches, ya hunting, trapping, cooking, ya carcasses ko handle karte waqt virus humans me aa sakta hai. Iske baare me research abhi bhi chal rahi hai taaki samjha ja sake ki kaunsa animal species mpox virus ka natural host hai.

Mpox Ke Signs Aur Symptoms

Mpox ke signs aur symptoms exposure ke 1–21 din ke beech start ho sakte hain, aur symptoms usually 2–4 weeks tak reh sakte hain.

Common Symptoms of Mpox

Rash: Yeh mpox ka most common symptom hai jo body me flat sores ke form me start hota hai. Yeh face, hands, feet, ya genitals par bhi ho sakta hai.
Fever: High fever ho sakti hai, jo virus ke body me enter karte hi develop hoti hai.
Sore Throat: Infection throat ko bhi affect kar sakta hai, jis se sore throat aur difficulty swallowing ho sakti hai.
Muscle Aches: Body ache aur muscle pain common hain mpox ke dauran.
Low Energy: Mpox ki wajah se logon me fatigue aur low energy feel hoti hai.
Swollen Lymph Nodes: Lymph nodes ka swollen hona infection ka ek important symptom hai.

Rash Development

Rash shuru hota hai flat sores ke form me jo liquid-filled blisters banate hain. Yeh rash kaafi painful ya itchy ho sakta hai. Rash body ke kisi bhi part par ho sakta hai, lekin face, hands, feet, aur genitals me common hai. Jaise-jaise rash heal hota hai, woh dry ho jata hai, crust banata hai, aur scabs gir jate hain.

Kuch logon me sirf ek ya do lesions hote hain, jabki kuch logon me rash body ke kai parts par develop hota hai, including palms, soles, aur groin area.

Severe Complications

Kuch cases me severe complications bhi develop ho sakti hain:

Proctitis (rectal swelling and pain)
Dysuria (difficulty in urination)
Sepsis, pneumonia, aur encephalitis jaise life-threatening conditions bhi develop ho sakti hain.

Yeh zyada common hain un logon me jo weakened immune systems rakhte hain, including HIV patients, pregnant women, aur young children.

Mpox Virus Ka Diagnosis

Mpox ko accurately diagnose karna mushkil ho sakta hai kyunki iska rash chickenpox, measles, herpes, ya syphilis jaisa lag sakta hai. Kai cases me mpox ke sath aur bhi infections hoti hain, jo diagnosis ko challenging bana deti hain.

Also Read: Stock market ko apna worst weekly decline dekhna pada since March 2023 | DunyaToday

PCR Testing

Mpox ka sabse reliable diagnostic test hai polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, jo viral DNA detect karta hai. Best specimens directly rash se liye jate hain, jaise skin lesions se fluid ya crusts ka swabbing karke.

Co-Infection Testing

Mpox patients ko HIV, syphilis, herpes, ya chickenpox jaise doosre infections ke liye bhi test kiya jata hai taaki correct treatment start kiya ja sake.

Mpox Treatment Aur Vaccination

Mpox ka koi specific antiviral treatment ab tak proven nahi hai, lekin symptomatic care aur supportive treatment mpox ke management me bahut zaroori hai.

Symptomatic Treatment

Rash ka Care: Lesions ko dry rakhna aur clean karna important hai. Scabs ko scratch ya pop nahi karna chahiye.
Pain Management: Pain relief ke liye over-the-counter medications jaise paracetamol ya ibuprofen use kiye ja sakte hain.
Hydration and Nutrition: Hydration maintain rakhna aur proper nutrition lena recovery process ko fast karta hai.

Mpox Vaccination

Vaccination mpox ke prevention ka ek zaroori hissa hai. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (vaccination se pehle) aur post-exposure prophylaxis (exposure ke baad) dono important hain.

High-Risk Groups for Vaccination

Vaccination un logon ke liye recommended hai jo high-risk groups me aate hain:

Healthcare workers jo infected patients ka treatment karte hain
Individuals in close contact with someone infected, such as members of the same household.
Men who have sex with men aur individuals with multiple sexual partners
Sex workers aur unke clients

Post-Exposure Vaccination

Agar kisi ne mpox-infected person ke saath contact kiya hai, to 4 din ke andar vaccination lena effective hai. 14 din tak bhi vaccine lagayi ja sakti hai agar symptoms nahi develop huye hain.

Prevention Tips for Mpox

Mpox se bachne ke liye kuch simple prevention tips follow kar sakte hain:

Do’s

Healthcare Provider Ko Contact Karein: Mpox ke symptoms hone par healthcare provider ko contact karein aur unse advice lein.
Isolation: Apne aap ko ghar me isolate karein aur well-ventilated room me rahiye jab tak symptoms puri tarah se khatam na ho jayein.
Wash Hands: Regularly apne haath sabun aur paani se dhoyein ya hand sanitizer use karein, especially rash ko touch karne ke baad.
Cover Lesions: Jab aap dusre logon ke aas-paas ho, to rash ko cover karein aur face mask zaroor pehnein.

Don’ts

Blisters Ko Pop Mat Karein: Blisters ko pop ya scratch mat karein, kyunki yeh rash ko dusre parts me spread kar sakta hai aur healing process ko slow kar sakta hai.
Shaving: Jahan rash hai wahan shave mat karein jab tak wo puri tarah se heal na ho jaye.

Self-Care at Home

Agar aapko mpox ho gaya hai, to most cases me aap ghar par hi recover kar sakte hain. Aapko doctor ke guidance par home isolation follow karni chahiye, aur in cheezon ka dhyan rakhna chahiye:

Warm Baths: Baking soda ya Epsom salts ke sath warm baths lena sores ko soothe karne me madad karta hai.
Saltwater Rinses: Mouth ke sores ke liye saltwater rinses ka use karein.
Disinfect Surfaces: Shared spaces ko frequently disinfect karein.

Mpox Ke Outbreaks

Mpox ke sabse pehla human case 1970 me Democratic Republic of the Congo me report hua tha. Smallpox ke eradication ke baad se, mpox Africa ke kuch parts me steadily emerge hota raha.

2003 me ek outbreak United States me hua jo imported wild animals ki wajah se trigger hua tha. Since 2022, mpox ka ek global outbreak dekhne ko mila, jo Europe, Americas aur baaki six WHO regions me rapidly spread ho gaya.

Ab tak, 120+ countries mpox ke cases report kar chuki hain, jisme 100,000+ laboratory-confirmed cases aur 220+ deaths report hui hain.

Stigma Aur Discrimination

Mpox ke saath linked stigma aur discrimination public health efforts ko undermine karta hai. Stigma kaafi baar logon ko treatment lene se rokta hai, jo virus ke further spread ka ek bada reason ban jata hai. Especially, men who have sex with men aur trans communities ko zyada discrimination face karna padta hai.

WHO Response

World Health Organization (WHO) monkeypox ke outbreaks ko prevent karne aur control karne ke liye continuously kaam kar raha hai. WHO Member States aur partners ke saath collaborate karta hai taaki vaccines aur treatments ko develop kiya ja sake aur health systems ko strengthen kiya ja sake.

WHO Director-General ne mpox ko pehli baar 2022 me aur phir 2024 me "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" declare kiya tha.

Conclusion

Mpox ek dangerous viral disease hai jo timely diagnosis aur proper care se manage kiya ja sakta hai. Vaccination, awareness, aur preventive measures follow karke aap isse bach sakte hain.

Mpox ka rapid spread ab tak ek badi global health issue bana hua hai, lekin with proper care and treatment, isse control karna possible hai.

Search This Blog

dunyatoday